Acetylene-generator.



No. $75,46l. Patented Jun 4, l90l. E. R. ANGELL.

ACETYLENE GENERATOR.

(Application filed Apr. 20, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Shut I.

Tu: NORRjS PETERS wonxu'mo. WASNINGTQN, D 1,.

No. 875,46I. Patented lune 4. l90l.

E. R. ANGELL.

ACETYLENE GENERATOR.

(Application fllld Apr. 90, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Shuts-"out 2.

II n. I 44455145553 IIIIIIIII/IIIIII IN VE N TOR 2 I A TTOHNE UNTThT) STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDMUND RANDALL ANGELL, OF DERBY, NEIV HAMPSHIRE.

ACETYLEN E-G EN ERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 675,461, dated June 4, 1901. Application filed April 20, 1899. Serial No. 713,780- (No model.)

T 0 all whom it iii/("01y concern.-

Be it known that I, EDMUND RANDALL AN- GELL, of Derry, in the county of Rockingham and State of New Hampshire, have invented a new and Improved Acetylene-Generator, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to an improvementin acetylene-generators, and belongs to that class in which the carbid .is placed within a number of holders which are in succession supplied with the water necessary for the generation of the gas.

My invention comprises the novel features hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is an elevation of my device with portions thereof in section. Fig. 2 is a sec tional elevation of one of the carbid-holders. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the upper portion of one of the carbid-holders, taken from a position at right angles to that shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an elevation showing the end of the three-way valve with the handle removed, and Fig. 5 is a detail view of the eccentricstrap which is placed upon said valve.

In connection with my device I use a gasometer of the ordinary form, consisting of the tank A, which contains water, and the bell A, which rises and falls therein accordingto the amount of acetylene which is stored. The tank is provided with suitable guides B and C, which in this case are formed by pipes which have other uses hereinafterdescribed, and the bell is provided with arms carrying the rollers a, engaging said guides.

I make use of a number of generators, each containing a charge of carbid which is designed to be consumed before the carbid in the next generator is brought into use. These generators may be placed about the tank in any manner desired. I have herein shown an arrangement in which four generators are used, placed in pairs, one pairabove the other. This special arrangement of the generators is, however, immaterial, as they may be placed in any desired position. The generators are constructed in the manner shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 3. Each generator consists of two pails or vessels, which are open at the top and are provided with asuitable cover. One of these vessels, F, fits Within the other vessel, E, leaving a space between the two, which is filled with water, thus forming a water-jacket for the generator and keeping its temperature down.

The inner vessel F has two opposite lugs f, which are engaged by books 6 upon the outer vessel E, so as to hold the two together. The inner vessel, which contains the carbid, is provided with abail f, which is pivoted upon the lugsf and by means of which the carbidholder may be carried about. The inner ves sel F or the carbid-holder proper is provided with a closure consisting of two plates H and H, which have flanges on their outer edge projecting downward and fitting snugly within the upper end of the holder. Between the two plates, at their outer edges, is placed a ring h of compressible material, which when the two plates are forced together will be squeezed outward against the inner surface of the carbid-holder, thus forming a gas-tight joint.

The lower plate H is supported from a short section I of pipe, which is connected with a three-way-valve casing J, said valve-casing receiving the pipe L, by which Water is admitted into the generator and the gas c0n veyed therefrom. Within this valve-casing is placed a three-way-valve, which may be turned half-way around; so that it Will in either position form a through discharge in connection with the pipe L, while the lateral discharge thereof will either point upward and be inoperative or point downward, when it will connect with the pipe I. In the latter case water may pass through the valve from the pipe L through the carbid-holder, thus reducing the carbid and generating gas.

The weight of the carbid-holder is supported by means of a bar G, which passes over the top of the plate II and has hooks g extending downward from each end and engaging the lugs f upon the inner holder F.

Upon one end of the valve within the casing J, which valve is a plug-valve, is placed an eccentric K, (see Fig. 4,) about which is placed an eccentric-strap K. (Shown in detail in Fig. 5.) This strap has a bolt 75 screwing into a boss on one side thereof and adapted ICO to engage the upper surface of either the plate H or the bar G, which passes over the same. The valve is also provided with a handle J, which has a cross-bar J secured there to and of such length that when the handle is horizontal or parallel with the pipe L the end of the cross-bar will engage the top cover of the carbid-holder. This cross-bar extending to either side of the lever will engage the adjusted accurately as to length, so as to secure this result when the handle is in proper position. By means of this mechanism ahalfturn of the valve-handle in one direction both fastens the cover to the generator and opens communication between it, the gasometer, and water-supply; but a half-turn of the handle in the opposite direction both releases the generator from its cover and closes .the connection of the gasometer and watersupply from the generator or open air, while communication between them and the other generators is preserved, wherefore either of the generators may be removed for recharging while the others are working.

Located at some convenient point alongside of the gasometer is a cooling-tank D, through which passes a cooling-coil of pipe D. One end of this coil of pipe is connected with a pipe 61, which is connected With the pipe L. The other end of this coil of pipe is connected by a pipe 61 with a pipe 01 which passes upwardly within the gasometer. The other end of the pipe Lis connected by means of a pipe d with the coil at the same point where the pipe 11 connects therewith, so that the gas from the generators may pass to the coolingcoil through the pipe L in either direction. The water for the .generation of the gas enters one end of the pipe L through a pipe M, which has a downward drop sufficient to form an effective seal against the pressure within the apparatus. This pipe extends upwardly and terminates in a funnel M, located alongside of and below one edge of a'tipping basin P, pivoted at p to a suitable support (not shown) and which holds a sufficient amount of Water for one charge. This basin has a oounterweighted arm T, movable in guides, so that it may be adjusted to secure the right balance of the basin. Upon said rod is secured a counterweight T, and the rod is held in adjusted position by means of a set-screw T A portion of the rod projecting toward the gasometer is pivoted thereto, as shown at I U, so that when it is engaged by the end of the arm carrying the rollers ct said arm after passing beneath the end of the arm T may rise freely without carrying the basin beyond its normal position.

The lip 19 at the side of the basin which is immediately over the funnel M is made slightly higher than the lip 19 at the opposite side,- so that if the basin should receive more water than it can hold the overflow will take place at the side opposite the funnel, and consequently be prevented from passing to the generator. Water is supplied to this basin or cup from a tank R, located at any convenient point above the basin and at an elevation less than thirty-three feet, or the height of water which will be supported by atmospheric pressure. The overflow from the basin at the lip 19 may be conducted by means of a funnel p and pipe 19 in any convenient manner to the drip N whereby the seal in the pipes connected with the drip is kept at the proper height, should it be liable to suffer froin evaporation or other cause.

The tank is connected with the basin P by means of a pipe R, which has its lower open end projecting to some depth beneath the surface of the water in the basin. This pipe is provided with a valve R by means of which it may be closed when the tank needs to be refilled. The tank R is a closed tank, or one which may be made air-tight, and said tank is supplied with water by means of a pipe V which enters the bottom of the tank from below and extends, on the inside, nearly to the top of the tank, the lower portionvof the pipe descending to a point below the water-level in the basin P and then extending upward to point above the top of thetank and terminating in a funnel. An air-vent pipe V is provided, which has its lower end slightly immersed in the water in the basin and its upper end extending into a cap V, constructed upon the upper side of the tank R. The action of this device to keep the basin full is as follows:

As soonas the water in the basin is reduced below the open end of the air-vent pipe V air will enter this pipe and pass upwardly into the tank, thus permitting a small part of the water to descend through the pipe B into the basin. This action will continue until the lower end of the air-vent pipe V is covered with water, so that the air can no longer enter the pipe. The water in the tank is thus sustained by atmospheric pressure upon the water in the basin.

When it is desired to fill the tank R, the valve R in the pipe R is closed and wateris poured into the open upper end of the pipe V and will flow into the tank and cause a slight increase in the pressure of the air within the tank sufficient to enable it to overcome the slight resistance caused by the immersion of the lower end of the vent-pipe V. The air will thus be blown out through the lower end of this pipe until the tank is filled. Then the valve R in the pipe R is opened and a small quantity of water descends into the basin until equilibrium is established, and a little water may overflow through the lip P down into the funnel p and thence to the drip to insure the integrity of the seal therein.

The blow-off pipe 13, which is herein shown as used for a guide for the bell A, connects at its lower end with a liquid seal placed within an enlargement B thereof, said seal being of any ordinary construction, uniting two blow-offsone extending outwardly, the other inwardly. Both these blow-offs are connected with the gasometer A and with each end of the pipe L, which supports the generators. The outer blow-off is connected with the lower end of the pipe L by means of the pipe I), with its upper end by the pipes h, d, and d, and with the gasometer by the pipes Z), d, D, (P, and (Z The inner blow-off is connected with the lower end of the pipe L by means of the pipes Z3, (P, D, and d, with the upper end by the pipes d, D, 61 and Z), and with the gasometer by means of the pipes b and (Z On account of this construction it is impossible for any part of the pipe connections to become so stopped or clogged as to shut off all communication between the generators, gasometer, and blow-otfs, wherefore both safety and efficiency of the apparatus are secured.

Acetylene (C 11 suffers polymerization if the temperature becomes too high during generation, being partly converted into the liquid hydrocarbons, benzole (C -H and styrole, (C H J These substances are diffused throughout the acetylene as condensable vapors. When these vapors come in contact with the minute hole in the burner, they are condensed and become carbonized, leaving a deposit of soot in the burner-tips. The pres ence of this through catalysis and heat of the burner determines the decomposition of acetylene itself, so that a rapid deposit of carbon takes place in the burner, soon rendering it worthless.

To prevent so far as possible the deteriora tion of the acetylene from the formation of liquid hydrocarbons and to provide for the removal of their vapors, if produced, I supply the generator with a cooling-jacket and connect the pipe 0, through which the gas is withdrawn from the gasometer by means of a pipe 0, with a scrubber 0 which contains fine pumice-stone and steatite, mixed in equal parts. This special mixture is found suitable for arresting the hydrocarbon vapors. The scrubber is connected at its upper end with a delivery-pipe O, which is so placed as to be utilized for one of the guides for the bell. The two pipes B and G are connected above the gasometer at such height as to clear the bell in its uppermost elevation by means of a rod or pipe 0, said pipe, if a pipe is used, being plugged or otherwise stopped, so that there is no connection between the two pipes B and G.

The two pipes b and O are connected With each other beneath the gasometer by means of a horizontal pipe N and the two vertical pipes N. To the pipe N is connected the drip N and the pipes are filled with water, so that normally there is no connection between the two pipes through the pipe N, but the water which may collect in said pipes is permitted to pass off through the drip N In starting my device in operation the inner pails F of each of the generators is provided with a suitable charge of carbid and is placed within its outer tank E, the space between the two being filled with water to form a water-jacket. The inner and outer pails are then secured to each other by having the lugs f engage the hooks c. The generators are then secured in place upon the machine by lifting them into engagement with the plates which close the inner pail F. The hooks g of the plate G are made to engage with the lugs 1'', so as to support the generator, and the inner pail F is tightly closed by forcing the inner head H upward against the outer bar G, so that the packing-ring h is compressed outward against the inner surface of the pail F. This last operation is performed by reversing the position of the valvehandle J. This reversal of the position of the handle opens communication between the pipe L, through which Water is supplied to the generator, and the various generators. The tank R is filled with water through the tube 29, and the water is permitted to escape through the pipe R by openingthe valve R This fills the trough P and the device is in readiness for operation. The first charge of water is supplied to the pipe M by tilting the trough P by hand. As soon as the water reaches the first generator E the gasometer will be raised and thereafter the operation of the device will be automatic, the trough P being tipped by engagement of the arm T with the projecting arm upon the gasometer-bell.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. An acetylene-generator, comprising two nesting open-topped pails or tanks detachably secured together and adapted to form a water-jacket space between them, a removable closure for the inner vessel, a pipe connected therewith for the introduction of water and exit of gas, and a fastening device extending over the top of the closure for the inner vessel and provided with hooks adapted to engage lugs on the inner vessel, substantially as described.

2. An acetylene-generator having an open top and a closure therefor, comprising a plate which is supported from a water-supply pipe and fits within said opening, a cooperating plate fitting within said opening and attached to the first plate by clamping devices, and a compressible packing-ring between the two plates and adapted when compressed to engage the walls of said generator, substantially as described.

3. An acetylene generator, comprising a vessel having an open top, a closure therefor consisting of two plates fitting within said openingand having a compressible packingring between them at their edges, a pipe connected with the lower of said plates and having a valve therein, and a cam connection between the valve and the upper plate, whereby the two plates are forced together when the valveis turned to the opened position, substantially as described. a

4. An acetylenegenerator, comprising a vessel having an open top,a closure therefor consisting of two plates fitting within said opening and having a compressible packing ring between them at their edges, a pipe connected with the lower of said plates and having a valve therein, a cam upon the valve, and a member of adjustable length connecting the cam with the upper plate, whereby the two plates are forced together when the valve is turned to the opened position, substantially as described.

5. An acetylene generator, comprising a vessel having an open top,-a closure therefor consisting of two plates fitting within said opening and havinga compressible packingring between them at their edges, a pipe connected with the lower of said plates and having a valve therein, an eccentric upon the outer end of the valve, and a strap surrounding said eccentric and having a bolt screwing therein and adapted to engage the upper closure-plate, whereby the two plates are forced together when the valve is turned to the opened position, substantially as described.

6. An acetylene-generator, comprising an elevated water-supply, a supply-pipe leading therefrom, carbid-holders having independent connections with the common Water-supply pipe, and three-way valves in said connections, each of said valves having connected arms which engage a fixed stop to limit its motion to half a turn, substantially as described. V

7. An acetylene-generatingapparatus,comprising an elevated water-supply, a supply- .pipe leading therefrom; automatic means for causing an intermittent flow in said pipe, carbid holders or generators having independent connection with the common supply-pipe,

I and three-way valves in said connections each of said valves having connected arms which engage a fixed stop to limit its motion to half a turn, substantially as shown and described.

8. An acetylene-generating apparatus,comprising an elevated water-supply, a supplypipe leading therefrom, carbid-holders having independent connection wit-h the common supply-pipe, and three-way valves in said connections, handles for said valves having each a cross-bar adapted to engage the covers of the carbid-holders to limit the motion of the valve to half a turn, substantially as described.

9. An acetylene-generator, comprising a vessel having an open top, a closure therefor consisting of two plates fitting within said opening and having a compressible packingring between them at their edges, a pipe connected with the lower of said plates and having avalve therein, a cam connection between the valve and the upper plate, and a handle upon said valve having a cross-bar adapted to engage the cover and limit the motion of the valve to half a turn, substantially as described.

10. An acetylene-generator, comprising a vessel having an open top, a closure therefor consisting of two plates fitting within said opening and having a compressible packingring between them at their edges, a pipe connected with the lower of said plates and having a valve therein, an eccentric upon the outer end of the valve, a strap surrounding said eccentric and having a bolt screwing therein and adapted to engage the upper plate, and a handle upon said valve having a crossbar adapted to engage the cover and limit the motion of the valve to half a turn, substantially as described.

11. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprisinga water-holder, a supply-pipe, and means for controlling the flow of water therein, a series of carbid -holders having independent connections with said pipe, and a blow-off having connections with the generators at both ends of the series, substantially as described.

12. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprising a water-holder, a water-supply pipe leading therefrom, and means for controlling the flow of water in said pipe, a series of carbid-holders having independent connections with said pipe, and a drip or overflow trap connected with the end of the supply-pipe farthest removed from the watersupply, substantially as described.

13. A water-supplying means for acetylenegenerators, comprising a closed air-tight tank, a pivoted basin beneath the tank, an air-vent pipe leading from the tank, a water-convey ing pipe leading from the tank and having its lower open end beneath the normal waterlevel Within the basin, said basin having an arm the end of which is hinged to swing freely upward, and means for engaging the arm to tip the basin, substantially as described.

14. An acetylene-generator comprising a carbid-holder, a water-supply pipe leading thereto and terminating at its outer end in a funnel, a pivoted basin having one edge located adjacent to said funnel, a water wastepipe provided with a funnel located adjacent to the opposite edge of said basin, means for tipping said basin by the descent of the gasometer, a closed air-tight water-tank located above the pivoted basin, an air-vent pipe extending from the top of the tank and having its lower open end beneath the water-level within the basin, a pipe leading from the bottom of the tank and provided with a stopcock, the said pipe having its lower open end beneath the normal water-level within the IIO basin, and a filling-pipe for the tank having its outer end above the water'level in the tank and connected with the tank by a loop which extends below the water-level of the basin, whereby when the said stop-cock is closed the tank may be readily refilled without removingit from its position, the air displaced by the water when filling the tank passing from the lower end of the air-vent pipe and escaping through the water in the pivoted basin, substantially as described.

15. An acetylene generating apparatus comprising a water-tank, a pivoted basin having one side of its top edge lower than the other, a pipe leading from the tank and terminating in the basin below the normal water-level therein, a carbid-holder, a watersupply pipe leading to the carbid-holder and terminating at its outer end in a funnel located adjacent to the higher edge of the basin and adapted to receive water from the basin when the latter is tilted, a weighted bar adjustable on said basin and adapted to be engaged by the gasometer on its descent to tip the basin, the end of the arm engaged by the gasometer being hinged to swing freely upward, and a water waste-pipe provided with a funnel located adjacent to the lower edge of said basin, substantially as described.

16. An acetylene-generator, comprising a carbid-holder, a water-supply pipe leading thereto and terminating at its outer end in a funnel, a basin pivoted adjacent to said funnel, a counterweighting-baradjustable on the basin and adapted to be engaged by the gasometer in its descent to tip the basin, the end of said arm engaged by the gasometer being hinged to swing freely upward, and means for refilling the basin after being emptied, substantially as described.

17. Awater-supplying means for acetylenegenerators, comprising a closed air-tight water-tank, a pivoted basin beneath the tank, an air-vent pipe extending from the top of the tank and having its lower open end beneath the water-level within the basin, a pipe provided with a stop-cock and leading from the bottom of the tank, the said pipe having its lower open end beneath the normal waterlevel within the basin, and a filling-pipe for the tank having its outer end above the water-level in the tank and connected with the tank by a loop which extends below the water-level of the basin, whereby when the said stop-cock is closed the tank can be readily refilled while in position, substantially as described.

18. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprising an eXpansible gasometer, an elevated water-supply, a supply-pipe leading therefrom, automatic means for causing an intermittent flow in said pipe, carbid holders or generators having independent connections with the common water-supply and gasdelivery pipe, and closures therefor, each consisting of two plates fitting within the top of the generator and having a compressible packing between them at their edges, the lower of said plates being fastened to a pipe having a three-way valve at its connection with the common supply-pipe, and a cam connection between the three-way valve and the upper plate, whereby the two plates are forced together to compress the packing-ring and close the generator gas-tight, said three-way valve having a handle provided with a cross-bar which engages a fixed stop, to limit its motion to half a turn, whereby when the handle is turned in one direction, the generator is tightly closed and connected with the gasometer and Water-supply, but when turned in the opposite direction the generator is shut oif from the water-supply and gasometer and released from its closure, substantially as described.

19. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprisin g a water-holder, a supply-pipe, and means for controlling the flow of water therein, a series of carbid-holders having inde= pendent connections with said pipe, and a gas-holder having connections with the generators at both ends of the series, substantially as described.

20. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprising a water-holder, a supply-pipe, and means for controlling the flow of water therein, a series of carbid-holders having independent connections with said pipe, a blowoff having connections with the generators at both ends of the series, and a gas-holder having connections with the generators at both ends of the series, substantially as described.

21. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprising a water-holder, a supply-pipe and means for controlling the flow of water therein, a series of carbid-holders having independent connections with said pipe, and a gas-holderhaving a blow-oft, the said blow-01f having connection with the generators at both ends of the series, substantially as described.

22. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprising a water-holder, a supply-pipe and means for controlling the flow of water therein, a series of carbid-holders having independent connections with said pipe, a gasholder having a blow-off at its union with the generators, and a second blow-0E having connections with the generators at both ends of the series, substantially as described.

23. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprising a water-holder, a supply-pipe, and means for controlling the flow of water therein, a series of carbid-holders having independent connections with said pipe, a blowoff having connections with the generators at both ends of the series outwardly, and a second blow-off connected with the generators at both ends of the series inwardly, and at the connection of the generators with the gas holder, substantially as described.

24:. An acetylene generating apparatus, comprising an expansible gasometer, a closed water-tank, a pivoted basin having one side of its top edge lower than the other, two pipes IIO leading from the tank andterminating in said basin to form a pneumatic seal, a water-supply pipe adapted to receive water from said basin when tilted, connections between the gasometer and basin for tilting the same, carbid-holders connected with the supply-pipe, a drip oroverflow trap connected with the outer end of the supply-pipe, and a water waste-pipe adapted to receive excess of water from the lower edge of said basin and convey it to said drip, substantially as described.

. 25. An acetylene-generator comprising two nesting open-topped tanks, detachably secured together and forming a water-jacket space between them, a closure for the open top of the inner tank comprising two plates fitting within the upper end of the inner tank the inner plate being suitably supported, a compressible packing-ring between the two plates at their outer edges, a bar extending over the top of the outer plate and adapted to be secured at its ends to the said inner tank, and means for introducing water into the inner tank, substantially as described.

26. An acetylene-generator comprising two nesting vessels or tanks forming a waterjaeket space between them, the inner vessel being provided with two opposite lugs adapted to be engaged by hooks on the outer vessel to hold the vessels together, the said inner vessel being also provided with a bail pivoted upon the said lugs, a removable closure for the inner vessel, a pipe connected therewith for the introduction of water and exit of gas, and a bar passing over the top of the closure for the inner vessel and having hooks at its ends adapted to engage the said lugs upon the inner vessel, substantially as described.

27. An acetylene-generating apparatus comprising a carbid-holder, a common watersupply. and gas-delivery pipe for admitting water from said supply to the carbid-holder and conveying gas therefrom, a gasometer, a cooling-tank, and a coil of pipe within said tank, and connected with the said common water-supply and gas-delivery pipe, the gas passing through said coil to the gasometer, substantially as described.

28. In an acetylene-generating apparatus, the combination of a water-jacketed generator having a cover consisting of two plates, with a compressible packing-ring between them, a water-supply pipe connected with the lower plate of said cover, a three-way valve controlling the said pipe, and a cam attached to the plug of said valve for forcing the plates together, substantially as described.

29. An acetylene-generator comprising two nesting open-topped pails or tanks detachably secured together and adapted to form a water-jacket space between them, a closure for the open top of the inner tank comprising two plates having downwardlyextending flanges on their outer edges fitting within the upper end of said inner tank, a ring of compressible material between the two plates at their outer edges, and means for forcing the two plates together substantially as described.

30. An acetylene-generator, comprising a vessel having an open top and a cover therefor, a pipe connected with the cover and having a valve therein, and a cam connection between the valve and the cover, whereby the closing of the generator is effected when the valve is turned to the open position, substantially as described.

31. The combination with the cover of an acetylene-generator, of a pipe leading from the cover and having a valve therein, and a device for applying power to close the said cover, the said device comprising an eccentric on the outer end of the valve-plug, and a strap surrounding said eccentric and prol vided with an adjustable bolt, substantially as described.

32. The combination with an acetylene-gas generator, of a cover for the same, a strap extending across the top of the cover and connected with the generator, a pipe for the admission of water to the generator and provided with a valve, a handle for said valve, and a device for fastening the cover to the generator and comprising a cam, an eccentric-strap surrounding said cam, and a bolt adjustably connected with said eccentricstrap, the said fastening device being actuated to close the generator when the valve is carried to the open position, substantially as described.

In an acetylene-gas apparatus having two or more generators connected by a common water-conductor, a suitable valve for each generator, and means comprising camoperated connections disposed between the valve-stems and generator-covers adapted on operation to adjust the position of the said covers and valves.

34. In an acetylene-gas apparatus having two or more generators connected by a common water-conductor, a Valve for each generator, and means whereby each generator may be sealed or vice versa by the movement of its valve, said means comprising cam-operated connections disposed between the Valvestems and generator-covers adapted on operation to adjust the position of said covers and lVitnesses:

GREENLEAF K. BARTLETT, LAVINIA A. NORTON. 

